Code Ownership
Ownership is measured by how many commits each author made to each file in the current tree. It highlights bus-factor risk (files only one person has ever touched) and where knowledge is concentrated. The bus factor is the smallest number of people who are, between them, primary owner of more than half of the files.
- Files Tracked
- 5,916
- in the current tree
- Bus Factor
- 12
- 12 authors are primary owner of 2,970 of 5,916 files
- Single-Owner Files
- 1,789
- 30.2% of tracked files
- Contributors
- 3,607
- authors who changed files
Bus factor risk — single-owner files
Files only one author has ever changed. The more a file has changed, the more knowledge is at risk if that person leaves.
| File | Sole owner | Commits |
|---|---|---|
| Lib/pathlib/_os.py | Barney Gale | 20 |
| Modules/_interpreters_common.h | Eric Snow | 12 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_main.py | Jason R. Coombs | 11 |
| Parser/lexer/string.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 11 |
| Lib/importlib/metadata/_adapters.py | Jason R. Coombs | 10 |
| Lib/importlib/metadata/_meta.py | Jason R. Coombs | 10 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/fixtures.py | Jason R. Coombs | 10 |
| Parser/tokenizer/reader.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 9 |
| Lib/test/libregrtest/__init__.py | Victor Stinner | 9 |
| Tools/cases_generator/cwriter.py | Mark Shannon | 9 |
Table: the 100 most-changed of 1,789 single-owner files
| File | Sole owner | Commits |
|---|---|---|
| Lib/pathlib/_os.py | Barney Gale | 20 |
| Modules/_interpreters_common.h | Eric Snow | 12 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_main.py | Jason R. Coombs | 11 |
| Parser/lexer/string.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 11 |
| Lib/importlib/metadata/_adapters.py | Jason R. Coombs | 10 |
| Lib/importlib/metadata/_meta.py | Jason R. Coombs | 10 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/fixtures.py | Jason R. Coombs | 10 |
| Parser/tokenizer/reader.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 9 |
| Lib/test/libregrtest/__init__.py | Victor Stinner | 9 |
| Tools/cases_generator/cwriter.py | Mark Shannon | 9 |
| Lib/test/subprocessdata/sigchild_ignore.py | Gregory P. Smith | 8 |
| Lib/importlib/readers.py | Jason R. Coombs | 8 |
| Parser/tokenizer/decoder.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 8 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_reader.py | Jason R. Coombs | 7 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_resource.py | Jason R. Coombs | 7 |
| Lib/importlib/resources/readers.py | Jason R. Coombs | 7 |
| Tools/peg_generator/pegen/metagrammar.gram | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 7 |
| Parser/tokenizer/source.h | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 7 |
| Modules/_testlimitedcapi/unicode.c | Victor Stinner | 7 |
| Include/internal/pycore_getopt.h | Victor Stinner | 7 |
| Lib/test/test_pathlib/support/zip_path.py | Barney Gale | 7 |
| Modules/_decimal/tests/runall-memorydebugger.sh | Stefan Krah | 7 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/_path.py | Jason R. Coombs | 6 |
| Lib/test/test_zipfile/_path/test_complexity.py | Jason R. Coombs | 6 |
| Lib/importlib/resources/abc.py | Jason R. Coombs | 6 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_open.py | Jason R. Coombs | 6 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_read.py | Jason R. Coombs | 6 |
| Lib/importlib/metadata/_functools.py | Jason R. Coombs | 6 |
| Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_filedialog.py | Serhiy Storchaka | 6 |
| Parser/tokenizer/reader_internal.h | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 6 |
| Parser/lexer/lexer_internal.h | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 6 |
| Modules/_remote_debugging/frame_cache.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 6 |
| Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_strings.py | Victor Stinner | 6 |
| Include/internal/pycore_asdl.h | Victor Stinner | 6 |
| Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_search.py | Terry Jan Reedy | 6 |
| Lib/test/test_pathlib/support/local_path.py | Barney Gale | 6 |
| Lib/test/tracedmodules/testmod.py | Alexander Belopolsky | 6 |
| Lib/unittest/signals.py | Michael Foord | 6 |
| Include/internal/pycore_typevarobject.h | Jelle Zijlstra | 5 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/_path.py | Jason R. Coombs | 5 |
| Lib/test/test_capi/test_module.py | Petr Viktorin | 5 |
| Modules/_testinternalcapi/tokenizer.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 5 |
| Parser/tokenizer/source.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 5 |
| PC/layout/support/nuspec.py | Steve Dower | 5 |
| Modules/_testlimitedcapi/object.c | Victor Stinner | 5 |
| Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_delegator.py | Terry Jan Reedy | 5 |
| Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_undo.py | Terry Jan Reedy | 5 |
| Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_warning.py | Terry Jan Reedy | 5 |
| PCbuild/pyproject-clangcl.props | Chris Eibl | 5 |
| Lib/test/test_pathlib/support/lexical_path.py | Barney Gale | 5 |
| Include/internal/pycore_crossinterp_data_registry.h | Eric Snow | 5 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_compatibilty_files.py | Jason R. Coombs | 4 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_contents.py | Jason R. Coombs | 4 |
| Lib/importlib/metadata/_collections.py | Jason R. Coombs | 4 |
| Lib/test/_isolated_sample.py | Serhiy Storchaka | 4 |
| Lib/test/support/isolation.py | Serhiy Storchaka | 4 |
| Platforms/WASI/README.md | Brett Cannon | 4 |
| Doc/includes/capi-extension/spammodule-01.c | Petr Viktorin | 4 |
| Parser/tokenizer/api.c | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 4 |
| Lib/test/test_profiling/test_sampling_profiler/test_live_collector_core.py | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 4 |
| Platforms/Apple/testbed/iOSTestbed.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj | Russell Keith-Magee | 4 |
| .azure-pipelines/windows-layout-steps.yml | Steve Dower | 4 |
| Modules/_testlimitedcapi/list.c | Victor Stinner | 4 |
| Include/internal/pycore_pyarena.h | Victor Stinner | 4 |
| Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_buffers.py | Victor Stinner | 4 |
| Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_cast.py | Victor Stinner | 4 |
| Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_errno.py | Victor Stinner | 4 |
| Include/cpython/classobject.h | Victor Stinner | 4 |
| Include/pyframe.h | Victor Stinner | 4 |
| Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_history.py | Terry Jan Reedy | 4 |
| Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_redirector.py | Terry Jan Reedy | 4 |
| Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_percolator.py | Terry Jan Reedy | 4 |
| Python/uniqueid.c | Sam Gross | 4 |
| Tools/freeze/hello.py | Guido van Rossum | 4 |
| Modules/_hacl/include/krml/lowstar_endianness.h | Jonathan Protzenko | 4 |
| Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/__init__.py | Eric Snow | 4 |
| Tools/buildbot/remoteDeploy.bat | Paul Monson | 4 |
| Lib/importlib/metadata/_text.py | Jason R. Coombs | 3 |
| Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_custom.py | Jason R. Coombs | 3 |
| Lib/importlib/metadata/_itertools.py | Jason R. Coombs | 3 |
| Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_dnd.py | Serhiy Storchaka | 3 |
| Lib/tomllib/mypy.ini | sobolevn | 3 |
| Platforms/emscripten/browser_test/package-lock.json | Hood Chatham | 3 |
| Platforms/emscripten/browser_test/package.json | Hood Chatham | 3 |
| Platforms/emscripten/browser_test/run_test.sh | Hood Chatham | 3 |
| Platforms/WASI/_package.py | Brett Cannon | 3 |
| Platforms/WASI/_shared.py | Brett Cannon | 3 |
| Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_structunion.py | Petr Viktorin | 3 |
| Include/internal/pycore_lazyimportobject.h | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 3 |
| Lib/test/test_capi/test_tokenizer.py | Pablo Galindo Salgado | 3 |
| Platforms/Apple/iOS/Resources/Info.plist.in | Russell Keith-Magee | 3 |
| Platforms/Apple/testbed/Python.xcframework/Info.plist | Russell Keith-Magee | 3 |
| Platforms/Apple/testbed/Python.xcframework/build/utils.sh | Russell Keith-Magee | 3 |
| PC/pythonw_exe.rc | Steve Dower | 3 |
| PC/sqlite3.rc | Steve Dower | 3 |
| Lib/test/test_capi/test_build.py | Victor Stinner | 3 |
| Lib/test/test_cext/runtests.py | Victor Stinner | 3 |
| Include/internal/pycore_namespace.h | Victor Stinner | 3 |
| Include/cpython/descrobject.h | Victor Stinner | 3 |
| Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_array_in_pointer.py | Victor Stinner | 3 |
Ownership by author
Primary owner = the author with the most commits to a file. Solely owned = files only that author has touched.
| Author | Files owned | Solely owned | Files touched |
|---|---|---|---|
| Victor Stinner | 800 | 136 | 2,269 |
| Serhiy Storchaka | 467 | 71 | 2,177 |
| Georg Brandl | 309 | 9 | 1,189 |
| Pablo Galindo Salgado | 202 | 56 | 801 |
| Guido van Rossum | 196 | 7 | 1,125 |
| Mark Dickinson | 169 | 0 | 484 |
| Russell Keith-Magee | 164 | 150 | 303 |
| sobolevn | 156 | 79 | 865 |
| Steve Dower | 151 | 45 | 554 |
| Terry Jan Reedy | 131 | 13 | 502 |
| Eric Snow | 125 | 56 | 702 |
| R. David Murray | 100 | 40 | 527 |
| Taneli Hukkinen | 88 | 85 | 98 |
| Hugo van Kemenade | 86 | 10 | 829 |
| Jelle Zijlstra | 81 | 64 | 503 |
| Mark Shannon | 79 | 6 | 411 |
| Stan Ulbrych | 76 | 28 | 581 |
| Benjamin Peterson | 70 | 6 | 1,228 |
| Antoine Pitrou | 70 | 13 | 873 |
| Jason R. Coombs | 69 | 50 | 158 |
| Brett Cannon | 67 | 10 | 684 |
| Brad Larsen | 63 | 63 | 69 |
| Gregory P. Smith | 61 | 47 | 623 |
| Petr Viktorin | 59 | 21 | 670 |
| Sam Gross | 59 | 7 | 469 |
Most shared files
Files touched by the most people — shared code where changes are most likely to need coordination.
| File | Contributors | Primary owner | Owner share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Misc/ACKS | 488 | Antoine Pitrou | 11.1% |
| configure | 227 | Martin v. Löwis | 11.0% |
| configure.ac | 197 | Christian Heimes | 13.0% |
| Modules/posixmodule.c | 194 | Victor Stinner | 14.4% |
| Makefile.pre.in | 180 | Victor Stinner | 13.3% |
| Python/ceval.c | 170 | Guido van Rossum | 15.1% |
| Modules/socketmodule.c | 168 | Guido van Rossum | 17.0% |
| Objects/typeobject.c | 151 | Guido van Rossum | 15.1% |
| Doc/library/os.rst | 142 | Georg Brandl | 19.0% |
| Objects/unicodeobject.c | 137 | Victor Stinner | 31.8% |
| Lib/test/test_socket.py | 129 | Guido van Rossum | 10.1% |
| Doc/reference/datamodel.rst | 128 | Georg Brandl | 19.8% |
| Doc/library/sys.rst | 125 | Georg Brandl | 17.3% |
| Lib/inspect.py | 124 | Yury Selivanov | 15.7% |
| Doc/library/typing.rst | 124 | Jelle Zijlstra | 12.0% |
| pyconfig.h.in | 123 | Martin v. Löwis | 16.0% |
| Objects/dictobject.c | 118 | Victor Stinner | 13.9% |
| Python/sysmodule.c | 118 | Victor Stinner | 21.3% |
| Python/import.c | 117 | Victor Stinner | 17.6% |
| Python/bltinmodule.c | 116 | Guido van Rossum | 23.7% |
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Generate this report for your own repository with gitstats-action · All Gallery reports
The smallest workflow
Publishes the report to GitHub Pages on every push to main: turn on Pages for the gh-pages branch.
# .github/workflows/gitstats.yml
name: GitStats Report
on:
push:
branches: [main]
permissions:
contents: write
jobs:
gitstats:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v7
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- uses: shenxianpeng/gitstats-action@v1
with:
deploy-to-pages: true